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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Published on: August 27, 2013

Supersonic air flow due to solid-liquid impact.

Stephan Gekle1, Ivo R Peters, José Manuel Gordillo

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

When an object hits a liquid, a high-speed air jet is ejected from the collapsing cavity. This air jet reaches supersonic speeds, behaving like a nozzle formed by the shrinking liquid cavity.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Acoustics
  • Physics of Liquids

Background:

  • Impact of solid objects on liquids generates liquid jets via cavity collapse.
  • The dynamics of the air within the collapsing cavity remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation and characteristics of air jets during solid-object-liquid impacts.
  • To analyze the conditions under which these air jets achieve supersonic speeds.

Main Methods:

  • High-speed visualization experiments using smoke particles.
  • Multiscale numerical simulations of the impact process.

Main Results:

  • A high-speed air jet is expelled from the collapsing impact cavity.
  • Supersonic air jet speeds are achieved at cavity diameters just over 1 mm.
  • The air flow structure mimics compressible flow through a nozzle.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid collapse of liquid impact cavities can generate supersonic air jets.
  • The liquid cavity acts as a transient, time-varying nozzle for the air flow.
  • This phenomenon offers insights into high-speed gas dynamics in liquid environments.