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Effects of feedback01:24

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Generalized Jarzynski equality under nonequilibrium feedback control.

Takahiro Sagawa1, Masahito Ueda

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|April 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study generalizes the Jarzynski equality for feedback-controlled systems, revealing new terms related to information and control efficacy. These findings enable a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem testable in small thermodynamic systems.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

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08:35

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • The Jarzynski equality relates equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • Feedback control introduces complexities in thermodynamic measurements.
  • Understanding information's role in non-equilibrium processes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize the Jarzynski equality for systems under feedback control.
  • To incorporate the effects of measurement and feedback efficacy into thermodynamic relations.
  • To develop a generalized fluctuation-dissipation theorem reflecting information content.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical generalization of the Jarzynski equality.
  • Derivation of new terms accounting for feedback and mutual information.
  • Introduction of an 'information ratchet' model for illustration.

Main Results:

  • The generalized Jarzynski equality includes terms for mutual information and feedback efficacy.
  • A novel fluctuation-dissipation theorem is established, incorporating readout information.
  • The 'information ratchet' demonstrates directed transport and work extraction using information.

Conclusions:

  • Feedback control can be integrated into fundamental thermodynamic equalities.
  • Information plays a quantifiable role in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • The presented framework is experimentally verifiable in small thermodynamic systems.