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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Towards new tuberculosis vaccines.

Stefan Svenson1, Gunilla Källenius, Andrzej Pawlowski

  • 1Department of Clinical Research and Education, South Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. stefan.svenson@ki.se

Human Vaccines
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis, with millions infected and over 1.6 million deaths annually. Current vaccines offer limited protection against the most common form of TB, highlighting an urgent need for better interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) affects approximately one-third of the global population, with 9.15 million recorded cases annually.
  • TB causes an estimated 1.65 million deaths per year, disproportionately impacting low-income countries.
  • The rise of multi-drug resistant TB and the ineffectiveness of the current Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against adult pulmonary TB present significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global burden of tuberculosis (TB) and the limitations of current diagnostic and vaccination strategies.
  • To underscore the urgent need for novel approaches to combat TB, particularly drug-resistant strains and pulmonary TB.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing epidemiological data and vaccine efficacy from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other relevant sources.
  • Analysis of global TB incidence, mortality, and drug resistance patterns.
  • Evaluation of the protective efficacy of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine.

Main Results:

  • Over 9 million TB cases are recorded globally each year, with an additional unknown number of unrecorded cases.
  • TB is a leading cause of adult infectious disease mortality in low-income countries, causing 1.65 million deaths annually.
  • The current BCG vaccine provides inadequate protection against adult pulmonary TB, the most prevalent and contagious form.

Conclusions:

  • The global TB epidemic, exacerbated by multi-drug resistance, requires urgent attention and the development of more effective vaccines and diagnostics.
  • Existing vaccination strategies are insufficient, necessitating research into new TB vaccines that offer robust protection against pulmonary TB.