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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

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Breathheld autocalibrated phase-contrast imaging.

Calvin Lew1, Marcus T Alley, Daniel M Spielman

  • 1Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. calvinlew@gmail.com

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging : JMRI
|April 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autocalibration techniques like GRAPPA and mSENSE offer robust flow measurements in phase-contrast MRI, comparable to conventional methods, even with aliasing artifacts. These advanced methods improve accuracy in cardiovascular imaging applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular MRI
  • Image Reconstruction

Background:

  • Phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) is crucial for cardiovascular flow assessment.
  • Undersampling in parallel imaging can introduce aliasing artifacts, complicating signal unaliasing.
  • Existing methods like SENSE may struggle with inaccurate coil sensitivity maps in the presence of aliasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), modified SENSE (mSENSE), and SENSE for PC-MRI.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of flow and peak velocity measurements using these parallel imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Normal volunteers (n=5) underwent 1.5 T MRI scans.
  • PC-MRI acquisitions were performed using conventional methods, GRAPPA, mSENSE, and SENSE.
  • Flow and peak velocity in the aorta and pulmonary artery were quantified and analyzed using Bland-Altman statistics.

Main Results:

  • GRAPPA and mSENSE demonstrated robust flow measurements, comparable to conventional PC-MRI, particularly when aliasing artifacts were present.
  • SENSE showed less reliable measurements when coil sensitivity maps were insufficient for unaliasing.
  • Peak velocity measurements were consistent across GRAPPA, mSENSE, SENSE, and conventional PC-MRI.

Conclusions:

  • Autocalibration techniques (GRAPPA, mSENSE) provide flow measurements with comparable agreement to conventional PC-MRI.
  • These methods offer robust performance, effectively handling wraparound artifacts common in PC-MRI.
  • GRAPPA and mSENSE represent valuable advancements for accurate cardiovascular flow quantification.