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Temperature Measurement Sites

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

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Published on: August 30, 2012

On-chip temperature compensation in an integrated slot-waveguide ring resonator refractive index sensor array.

Kristinn B Gylfason¹, Carl Fredrik Carlborg, Andrzej Kaźmierczak

¹Microsystem Technology Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. kristinn.gylfason@ee.kth.se

|April 15, 2010

Summary

This study introduces a silicon nitride slot-waveguide refractive index sensor array with high sensitivity and low temperature dependence. On-chip referencing achieves excellent repeatability for parallel chemical assays.

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Area of Science:

Photonics
Integrated Optics
Chemical Sensing

Background:

Refractive index sensors are crucial for chemical and biological analysis.
Slot-waveguide ring resonators offer high sensitivity but can be affected by temperature fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the performance of an integrated slot-waveguide refractive index sensor array.
To assess the temperature dependence and refractive index sensitivity of the sensors.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of on-chip temperature referencing for improved accuracy and repeatability.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a slot-waveguide ring resonator sensor array in silicon nitride on silica.
Experimental measurement of temperature dependence and refractive index sensitivity.
Implementation of on-chip temperature referencing for differential measurements.

Main Results:

The sensors exhibit a low temperature dependence of -16.6 pm/K.
A high refractive index sensitivity of 240 nm per refractive index unit was achieved.
On-chip referencing reduced differential temperature sensitivity to 0.3 pm/K, ensuring sensor repeatability.
A detection limit of 8.8 x 10-6 refractive index units was demonstrated within a 7 K window without external temperature control.

Conclusions:

The integrated slot-waveguide sensor array demonstrates high performance suitable for highly parallel chemical assays.
On-chip temperature referencing effectively compensates for temperature variations, enabling accurate measurements without individual sensor calibration.
The findings suggest potential for athermal slot-waveguide sensor designs.