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Related Concept Videos

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.
Accuracy and Precision01:52

Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.  Highly accurate measurements...
Accuracy and Precision01:52

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.  Highly accurate measurements...
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The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
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Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
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The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...

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Toward a Unified Timestamp with explicit precision.

Justus Benzler1, Samuel J Clark

  • 1Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Mtubatuba & Durban, South Africa.

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|September 28, 2011
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Demographic and health surveillance systems generate complex temporal data. A new Unified Timestamp framework accurately records all time-related information, overcoming limitations of existing data storage methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Data Science
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Demographic and health surveillance (DS) systems collect vital longitudinal data.
  • Temporal data from DS systems present significant storage and manipulation challenges.
  • Existing methods inadequately handle the complexity of surveillance time-related information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a temporal framework and notation for accurately recording time-related data from surveillance systems.
  • To introduce a Unified Timestamp data type to manage complex temporal information.
  • To establish a foundation for a Unified Timestamp class capable of handling diverse temporal data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a temporal framework and notation based on existing standards.
  • Created a Unified Timestamp data type to encapsulate temporal data complexity.
  • Designed the Unified Timestamp to support point- and interval-based measures, arbitrary precision, and temporal sets.
  • Ensured support for arbitrary granularities and calendars, with hierarchical organization.

Main Results:

  • The proposed temporal framework faithfully records all time-related information, including partial data.
  • The Unified Timestamp isolates temporal data complexity into a single, manageable data type.
  • The Unified Timestamp accommodates a wide range of temporal representations, including sets and hierarchical entities.
  • The system supports arbitrary precision, granularities, and calendars.

Conclusions:

  • The Unified Timestamp provides a robust solution for managing complex temporal data in surveillance systems.
  • This framework enhances the accuracy and completeness of time-related information in demographic and health surveillance.
  • The Unified Timestamp is a foundational element for advanced temporal data analysis in public health research.