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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
10:33

Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis (PMU) as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis

Published on: December 17, 2021

Emergent infectious uveitis.

Moncef Khairallah1, Bechir Jelliti, Salah Jenzeri

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisiati.

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging infectious diseases can cause uveitis (eye inflammation). Ophthalmologists must consider global infectious agents and diagnose conditions like Rickettsioses and West Nile virus for prompt treatment.

Keywords:
Infectious DiseaseSystemic IllnessUveitis

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Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis
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Intravitreal Injection and Quantitation of Infection Parameters in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Endophthalmitis

Published on: February 6, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Uveitis (eye inflammation) requires ruling out infectious causes first.
  • Traditional infectious disease patterns are shifting due to globalization, necessitating awareness of emerging pathogens.
  • Common differentials include herpes, syphilis, and tuberculosis, but emergent infections are increasingly relevant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review systemic and ocular manifestations of emergent infectious diseases relevant to ophthalmologists.
  • To highlight the importance of considering global infectious agents in uveitis diagnosis.
  • To provide guidance on diagnosing and managing emergent infections causing intraocular inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of systemic and ocular manifestations of emergent infectious diseases.
  • Focus on Rickettsioses, West Nile virus, Rift Valley fever, dengue fever, and chikungunya.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including clinical findings, epidemiology, and serological confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Emergent infectious diseases can cause various ocular manifestations, including retinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal vasculitis, and optic nerve involvement.
  • Ocular findings, systemic symptoms, epidemiological data, and serological tests are key to diagnosis.
  • Early clinical diagnosis based on fundus examination aids prompt management.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious causes, especially emergent ones, are critical considerations in uveitis management.
  • Ophthalmologists must adopt a global perspective to diagnose and treat these conditions effectively.
  • Systematic ocular examination and appropriate diagnostic tests are essential for timely intervention.