Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

What is the Endocrine System?

What is the Endocrine System?

The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with single gland parathyroid disease.

American journal of surgery·2022

Same author

From the Editor - in - Chief: Featured papers in the June 2022 issue.

American journal of surgery·2022

Same author

Leadership Development Among Junior Surgery Residents: Communication and Perception.

The Journal of surgical research·2022

Same author

Parathyroidectomy for Normocalcemic Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: A 19-Year Experience.

The Journal of surgical research·2022

Same author

Are We Undertreating Black Patients with Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors? Critical Analysis of Current Surveillance Guidelines by Race.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2022

Same author

From the Editor - In - Chief: Featured papers in the May 2022 issue.

American journal of surgery·2022

Same journal

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of bracketless clear aligner expansion with different buccal bone plate thicknesses.

American journal of translational research·2026

Same journal

Expression of serum inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer and their relationship with clinical pathological characteristics.

American journal of translational research·2026

Same journal

Optimal surgical timing following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

American journal of translational research·2026

Same journal

Modular FRET sensor for site-specific detection of protein arginine methylation in living cells.

American journal of translational research·2026

Same journal

The impact of nutritional risk and sarcopenia on postoperative complications and survival outcomes in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

American journal of translational research·2026

Same journal

Imaging and clinicopathological features of a high-risk gastric stromal tumor: a case report.

American journal of translational research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Is endocrine surgery research dying?

Joel T Adler¹, Herbert Chen

¹Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA.

American Journal of Translational Research

|April 22, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fewer endocrine surgeons receive National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for research. While established investigators maintain grants, fewer new surgeon-scientists secure funding, impacting future endocrine surgery innovation.

Keywords:

Endocrine surgery education endocrine surgery research research funding surgeon-scientist surgical research

More Related Videos

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Published on: January 3, 2020

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Robotic Enucleation of an Intra-Pancreatic Insulinoma in the Pancreatic Head

Published on: January 3, 2020

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Research
Health Services Research

Background:

Surgeon-scientists are crucial for advancing patient care through research.
Declining government funding and increasing competition may hinder endocrine surgery research and training.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate trends in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for endocrine surgery research among American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) members.
To assess the impact of funding trends on the development of future surgical investigators.

Main Methods:

NIH grant data from 1996-1998 and 2006-2008 were obtained for active and senior AAES members.
The NIH Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) database was utilized.
Funding status and number of grants per funded member were analyzed between the two periods.

Main Results:

A significant decrease was observed in the percentage of AAES members with NIH funding for all research (13% vs. 8%) and endocrine surgery research (6% vs. 3%) between the periods.
The number of grants per funded member remained stable for both all research and endocrine surgery research.
A substantial proportion (two-thirds) of previously funded investigators lost their funding over the ten-year period.

Conclusions:

Fewer endocrine surgeons are securing NIH funding compared to a decade prior.
While established researchers can maintain funding, fewer new surgeon-scientists are achieving initial grant success.
Endocrine surgery training programs need to prioritize fostering the next generation of surgeon-scientists to ensure research continuity.