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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Olfactory function in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.

K Gugleta1, A Kochkorov, R Katamay

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. gugletak@uhbs.ch

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary open-angle glaucoma patients show altered olfactory function, specifically impaired odor identification and threshold. These olfactory changes suggest potential links to neurodegenerative processes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory research

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a known early marker in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with increasing evidence of neurodegenerative components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and assess the olfactory function in patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma.
  • To compare olfactory performance between POAG patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the "Sniffin' Sticks" test battery to evaluate odor threshold, identification, and discrimination.
  • Analyzed data from 30 POAG patients and 30 matched healthy controls, averaging scores from both nostrils.
  • Employed the Mann-Whitney U-test for statistical comparison between groups.

Main Results:

  • POAG patients demonstrated significantly lower odor threshold scores (p=0.01) and higher odor identification scores (p=0.008) compared to controls.
  • No significant difference was observed in odor discrimination between the groups (p=0.65).
  • Within the POAG group, patients with a history of cold hands and feet had better odor thresholds (p=0.036).

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory performance alterations are present in primary open-angle glaucoma patients.
  • These findings suggest complex changes in olfactory function associated with POAG, potentially mirroring alterations seen in other neurodegenerative conditions.