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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...

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A Pipeline using Bilateral In Utero Electroporation to Interrogate Genetic Influences on Rodent Behavior
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Published on: May 21, 2020

Microtrial methods for translating gene-environment dynamics into preventive interventions.

George W Howe1, Steven R H Beach, Gene H Brody

  • 1Department of Psychology, George Washington University, 2125 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. ghowe@gwu.edu

Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research
|April 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microtrials are novel randomized experiments that test brief environmental changes to improve prevention interventions by incorporating genetic effects. This approach bridges basic research and prevention trials, addressing gene-environment complexities.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Genetics
  • Prevention science

Background:

  • Genetically informed research offers potential for enhancing preventive interventions.
  • Complex gene-environment interactions present challenges in translating research findings.
  • There is a need for innovative research designs to bridge basic science and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and describe the microtrial research design.
  • Illustrate how microtrials can translate genetic findings into prevention models.
  • Discuss the advantages of microtrials for prevention research.

Main Methods:

  • Define microtrials as randomized experiments.
  • Focus on brief, targeted environmental manipulations.
  • Test the suppression of risk or enhancement of protective mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Microtrials offer a structured approach to integrating genetic insights into prevention.
  • They facilitate the translation of basic research into applied prevention strategies.
  • The design allows for focused testing of intervention components.

Conclusions:

  • Microtrials provide a valuable method for genetically informed prevention research.
  • This design addresses the complexities of gene-environment interactions.
  • Considerations for constructing genetically sensitive microtrials are discussed.