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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...
Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

Rhinosinusitis and comorbidities.

Matthew W Ryan1, Edward G Brooks

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9035, USA. matthew.ryan@utsouthwestern.edu

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic conditions significantly affect chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) severity and treatment. Diagnosing comorbidities like allergic rhinitis and immunodeficiency is crucial for effective management of this common sinus infection.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is influenced by various systemic conditions, affecting its clinical course and management.
  • The interplay between CRS and conditions like allergic rhinitis, aspirin sensitivity, cystic fibrosis, and immunodeficiency remains a key area of clinical focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of systemic comorbidities on the presentation and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying and managing associated systemic conditions for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical understanding of CRS and its systemic associations.
  • Analysis of how specific conditions modify CRS severity, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Allergic rhinitis, while debated, warrants consideration and treatment in CRS patients.
  • CRS is more severe in aspirin-sensitive individuals but responds temporarily to therapy.
  • Cystic fibrosis-associated CRS involves impaired clearance and specific infections, requiring intensive treatment.
  • Humoral immunodeficiency is a common comorbidity in refractory CRS, necessitating aggressive treatment including IVIG.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of comorbid systemic conditions is essential for tailoring effective management plans for chronic rhinosinusitis.
  • Integrated care addressing both CRS and underlying systemic diseases improves patient prognosis and treatment efficacy.