Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reply: Is viscoelastic testing missing ADAMTS13 depletion during liver transplantation?

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2026
Same author

Cilofexor in non-cirrhotic primary sclerosing cholangitis (PRIMIS): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology·2025
Same author

The hemostatic cascade by viscoelastic testing in liver transplantation: Refining targets for possibly refined intervention.

Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society·2025
Same author

Cilofexor in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis Due to Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Open-Label Phase 1B Study.

Clinical and translational gastroenterology·2024
Same author

Impact of Colorectal Nurse Specialist supervised parental administration of rectal washouts on Hirschsprung's disease outcomes: a retrospective review.

Pediatric surgery international·2024
Same author

Management of coagulopathy among patients with cirrhosis undergoing upper endoscopy and paracentesis: Persistent gaps and areas of consensus in a multispecialty Delphi.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2024
Same journal

Management of Common Bile Duct Stones: Current Approaches and Evolving Endoscopic Strategies.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome Revisited: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

The Microbiome and Esophageal Disease: Where Are We Now?

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

Fermented Durian Tempoyak as a Source of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention through Gut Microbiome Modulation.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

A Practical Guide to Incorporating Novel Barrett's Screening/Surveillance Tools into Clinical Practice.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Conditions.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury
07:27

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

Published on: October 21, 2017

Cryptogenic cirrhosis: what are we missing?

Stephen Caldwell1

  • 1Digestive Health Center, GI/Hepatology Division, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA. shc5c@virginia.edu

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cryptogenic cirrhosis, often diagnosed without a clear cause, is frequently linked to unrecognized conditions like fatty liver disease or silent hepatitis. Understanding these associations is key for accurate diagnosis and patient management.

More Related Videos

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice
10:04

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Published on: December 2, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury
07:27

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

Published on: October 21, 2017

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice
10:04

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Published on: December 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cryptogenic cirrhosis is a prevalent clinical diagnosis, often presenting diagnostic challenges due to evolving terminology and varied clinical presentations.
  • Patients typically are middle-aged with mild liver enzyme abnormalities, ranging from incidental findings to advanced complications like portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common and lesser-known associations contributing to cryptogenic cirrhosis.
  • To discuss a proposed classification system for cryptogenic cirrhosis.
  • To highlight the importance of considering various underlying etiologies in patient evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Clinicopathologic analysis of patients diagnosed with cryptogenic cirrhosis.
  • Review of existing literature on underlying conditions and associations.
  • Evaluation of a proposed classification system for cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Main Results:

  • Leading causes identified include unrecognized nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, silent autoimmune hepatitis, non-B, non-C viral hepatitis, and occult ethanol exposure.
  • The study emphasizes the heterogeneity of causes for cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis requires a comprehensive evaluation for multiple potential underlying conditions.
  • A proposed classification system aims to standardize the approach to these complex cases.
  • Further research into genetic and syndromic associations is warranted.