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Related Concept Videos

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning
14:38

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

Published on: November 2, 2012

Automaticity in rule-based and information-integration categorization.

Sébastien Hélie1, Jennifer G Waldschmidt, F Gregory Ashby

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9660, USA. helie@psych.ucsb.edu

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Category structure impacts learning, but automatic categorization shows similar performance and interference regardless of initial learning rules. Executive functions do not affect automatic categorization, supporting separate initial and common later processing pathways.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Categorization automaticity is crucial for efficient cognitive processing.
  • Understanding how category structure influences the development of automaticity is key.
  • Existing theories propose distinct learning pathways that may converge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of different category structures on the development of categorization automaticity.
  • To examine behavioral differences in rule-based versus information-integration category learning.
  • To explore the role of executive functions and response-key changes in automatic categorization.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving over 10,000 trials of categorization training.
  • Comparison of rule-based and information-integration category structures.
  • Assessment of interference from response-key switching and dual-task executive load.

Main Results:

  • No significant behavioral differences emerged between category structures after initial learning.
  • Response-key switching caused similar interference regardless of category structure once automaticity developed.
  • Dual-task executive load did not interfere with automatic categorization.

Conclusions:

  • Initial category learning pathways may be separate for rule-based and information-integration tasks.
  • A common processing pathway is utilized after categorization automaticity is achieved.
  • Category structure's influence diminishes as categorization becomes automatic.