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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury

System for Focal, Closed-System Central Nervous System Injury

Published on: November 29, 2024

Routine TBI screening following combat deployments.

Angela I Drake¹, Kimberly S Meyer, Lynne M Cessante

¹Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. adrake@dvbic.org

Neurorehabilitation

|May 8, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Routine screening for traumatic brain injury (TBI) effectively identifies service members who might otherwise be missed. The Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS) proved valuable in a large Marine Corps deployment study.

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Area of Science:

Military Medicine
Neurology
Public Health

Background:

Estimating traumatic brain injury (TBI) rates in returning combat troops is challenging.
Large-scale screening of military personnel is often difficult.
The Brief Traumatic Brain Injury Screen (BTBIS) was developed to address these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of the BTBIS in identifying TBI among returning combat troops.
To determine the rate of positive TBI screens in a deployed military population.
To assess whether routine TBI screening leads to over-identification.

Main Methods:

The BTBIS was administered to 7909 Marines in the First Marine Expeditionary Force (2004-2006).
Positive screens were defined by endorsing injury mechanisms and reporting altered mental status.
Follow-up assessments and clinical referrals were provided for positive screens.

Main Results:

Nine percent of Marines screened positive for TBI.
Most combat-related TBIs involved multiple injury agents or blast exposure.
70.5% of those screening positive were identified solely by the BTBIS.

Conclusions:

Routine TBI screening, like the BTBIS, is valuable for identifying service members with potential TBI.
The study refutes concerns about over-identification of TBI through routine screening.
The BTBIS successfully identified individuals who might not have sought medical attention otherwise.