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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation
Published on: January 7, 2021
[Foetal akinesia-hypokinesia deformation sequence]
Allan Bayat1, Astrid Petersen, Margrethe Møller
1Aalborg Sygehus, Paediatrisk Afdeling, Denmark. bayabayabayat@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Foetal akinesia-hypokinesia deformation sequence (FADS) involves arthrogryposis, facial deformations, pulmonary hypoplasia, intrauterine growth retardation, polyhydramnios and short umbilical cord. FADS is caused by lack of foetal movements, most often due to neuromuscular diseases. FADS is associated with a high mortality rate, and the infants usually die due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound is possible when the condition is pronounced, or by genetic investigation, on suspicion of a specific underlying disease with known genetics.
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