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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Microbial Interactions: Parasitism01:22

Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions.

Rebecca L Skalsky1, Bryan R Cullen

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. rebecca.skalsky@duke.edu

Annual Review of Microbiology
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory RNAs controlling gene expression. Viruses encode their own miRNAs and alter cellular miRNAs, impacting viral infections and replication.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • Over 200 viral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified.
  • Viruses utilize miRNAs to modulate host and viral gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of viral miRNAs.
  • To discuss the impact of viral infections on cellular miRNA profiles.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in viral replication and pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on viral miRNAs and cellular miRNAs.
  • Analysis of identified viral and cellular miRNA interactions.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence linking miRNAs to viral infection.

Main Results:

  • Viruses encode miRNAs that regulate cellular and viral genes.
  • Viral infections significantly alter cellular miRNA expression.
  • Cellular miRNAs can be exploited by viruses to enhance replication.

Conclusions:

  • Viral miRNAs are critical components of viral infection.
  • Understanding miRNA-virus interactions offers therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into viral and cellular miRNA interplay is warranted.