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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

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A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Radial cracks in perforated thin sheets.

Romain Vermorel1, Nicolas Vandenberghe, Emmanuel Villermaux

  • 1IRPHE, Aix Marseille Université-CNRS, 13384 Marseille Cedex 13, France.

Physical Review Letters
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

When a cone perforates an elastic sheet, the number of radial cracks stabilizes early. A model shows crack number depends on elastic and dissipated energies, with relaxation reducing defect influence.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Fracture Mechanics

Background:

  • Perforation of thin elastic sheets by rigid objects leads to material fracture.
  • Crack patterns in such events are often complex and influenced by material properties and loading conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crack network formation during the perforation of thin elastic sheets by a rigid cone.
  • To model the factors determining the number of radial cracks.
  • To understand crack pattern evolution and defect influence attenuation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental perforation of thin aluminum sheets using a rigid cone.
  • Observation and quantification of crack network formation.
  • Development of a theoretical model balancing elastic and dissipative energies.

Main Results:

  • The number of radial cracks is determined early in the perforation process and remains constant.
  • A model successfully predicts the number of cracks based on a competition between stored elastic energy and energy dissipated during crack propagation.
  • Observed subtle rearrangements of initially random cracks into more uniform radial patterns with fewer cracks.

Conclusions:

  • Crack number selection in sheet perforation is governed by energy balance principles.
  • Material relaxation mechanisms can mitigate the impact of initial defects on the final crack pattern.
  • This study provides insights into fracture dynamics and defect tolerance in thin materials.