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Region-specific nutrient intake patterns exhibit a geographical gradient within and between European countries
Heinz Freisling1, Michael T Fahey, Aurelie Moskal
1Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 69372, France.
The Journal of Nutrition
|May 21, 2010
Summary
Nutrient patterns vary significantly across Europe. This study identified three distinct regional patterns in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study participants, highlighting geographical differences in diet.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health Nutrition
- Dietary Pattern Analysis
Background:
- International nutrient pattern studies were previously limited by non-standardized dietary assessment methods and nutrient databases.
- Understanding dietary patterns is crucial for investigating chronic disease associations in multi-center studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the diversity of nutrient patterns at a population level within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
- To establish a baseline for future analyses of nutrient patterns and their links to chronic diseases across European populations.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 36,034 participants aged 35-74 years.
- Standardized 24-hour dietary recalls were used to assess the intake of 25 nutrients (excluding supplements).
- A standardized nutrient database and graphical presentation of mean nutrient intakes by region and sex were employed.
Main Results:
- Significant variability in nutrient intakes was observed across EPIC study populations.
- Three main region-specific nutrient patterns were identified with a geographical gradient.
- Mediterranean regions showed high vitamin E and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake; Nordic countries showed the opposite pattern; Germany, The Netherlands, and the UK had high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and sugar intake.
Conclusions:
- Large geographical variations in nutrient intake patterns exist within Europe.
- Distinct dietary patterns are associated with specific European regions.
- These findings provide a foundation for future research on diet-related chronic diseases in multi-center European studies.
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