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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
11:43

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

Hyperpolarized 13carbon MR.

Ian J Rowland1, Eric T Peterson, Jeremy W Gordon

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA. irowland@wisc.edu

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|May 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarized (HP) Carbon-13 (¹³C) magnetic resonance (MR) allows real-time metabolic pathway investigation. This technique, using compounds like ¹³C pyruvate, shows great potential for molecular imaging, despite inherent limitations.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

Published on: December 30, 2016

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08:59

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Published on: April 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Metabolic Pathway Analysis
  • Hyperpolarized MRI

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized (HP) Carbon-13 (¹³C) labeled compounds serve as MR contrast agents for in vivo metabolic studies.
  • HP ¹³C pyruvate is widely used to investigate intracellular metabolism in tumors and other tissues.
  • The long T(1) relaxation time of carboxylate carbon in pyruvate allows for extended signal observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the background, hardware, and software essential for hyperpolarized ¹³C studies.
  • To present an overview of the current and future role of HP ¹³C molecular imaging.
  • To highlight the expanding potential of HP ¹³C MR in probing physiological parameters like pH.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hyperpolarized (HP) ¹³C labeled compounds as MR contrast agents.
  • Investigating metabolic pathways in vivo in real time.
  • Employing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) systems for hyperpolarized material generation.

Main Results:

  • Pyruvate is rapidly metabolized into observable metabolites like alanine and lactate.
  • HP ¹³C MR enables non-invasive probing of physiological parameters such as pH.
  • The commercial availability of DNP systems has expanded global accessibility to HP ¹³C MR research.

Conclusions:

  • HP ¹³C MR is a rapidly expanding research area with significant potential for molecular imaging.
  • The technique offers unique strengths for real-time metabolic investigation.
  • Understanding the strengths and limitations is crucial for effective application of HP ¹³C MR.