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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Androgen and Src signaling regulate centrosome activity.

Diane Colello1, Carlos G Reverte, Rachel Ward

  • 1Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.

Journal of Cell Science
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Androgen signaling, through the androgen receptor and Src kinase, promotes microtubule nucleation by increasing centrosomal gamma-tubulin levels. This pathway regulates microtubule regrowth and organization during interphase.

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
09:41

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules, nucleated by gamma-tubulin ring complexes at the centrosome, are crucial for organelle positioning, transport, and cell migration.
  • While interphase microtubule dynamics are regulated by known signaling pathways, those governing microtubule nucleation remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify signaling pathways that promote microtubule nucleation during interphase.
  • To investigate the roles of androgen, IGF1, and Src signaling in microtubule regrowth and nucleation.

Main Methods:

  • Assaying microtubule regrowth after nocodazole washout in human fibroblasts and CHO-K1 cells under various conditions.
  • Utilizing Src siRNA, a Src kinase inhibitor (SU6656), and a constitutively active Src mutant to probe Src signaling.
  • Measuring microtubule density near the centrosome and GFP-EB1-labeled microtubule growth rates.
  • Assessing centrosomal gamma-tubulin localization and levels via photobleaching recovery and endogenous protein measurements.

Main Results:

  • Integrin-mediated adhesion alone was insufficient for rapid microtubule regrowth.
  • Androgen, but not IGF1, rapidly promoted microtubule regrowth via the androgen receptor.
  • Src signaling was both required and sufficient for rapid microtubule regrowth and nucleation.
  • Androgen and Src signaling were found to regulate the levels of centrosomal gamma-tubulin.

Conclusions:

  • Androgen and Src signaling pathways are key regulators of microtubule nucleation during interphase.
  • These pathways promote nucleation by enhancing the localization of gamma-tubulin at the centrosome.