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Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: July 25, 2012

Massively parallel single-molecule manipulation using centrifugal force.

Ken Halvorsen¹, Wesley P Wong

¹The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Biophysical Journal

|June 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a centrifuge force microscope for high-throughput single-molecule force measurements. This cost-effective method accelerates experiments from days to minutes, making single-molecule analysis more accessible.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

Multiplexed Single-molecule Force Proteolysis Measurements Using Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: July 25, 2012

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

Area of Science:

Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Medicine

Background:

Single-molecule manipulation offers deep insights but faces challenges in cost and time.
Current techniques are often laborious, limiting widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a massively parallel single-molecule force measurement technique.
To overcome the limitations of equipment cost and experimental time in single-molecule studies.

Main Methods:

Developed a centrifuge force microscope (CFM) utilizing centrifugal force for parallel measurements.
Objects in an orbiting sample are subjected to a uniform force-field for observation of micro-to-nanoscopic motions.
CFM enables calibration-free force application and measurement.

Main Results:

Demonstrated high-throughput single-molecule force spectroscopy with thousands of parallel rupture experiments.
Characterized force-dependent unbinding kinetics of an antibody-antigen pair in minutes.
Verified force accuracy by measuring the DNA overstretching transition at 66 ± 3 pN.

Conclusions:

Single-molecule centrifugation offers significant benefits in efficiency, cost, simplicity, and versatility.
This technique has the potential to broaden the accessibility of single-molecule experimentation.
CFM can expand single-molecule research to a wider range of researchers and experimental systems.