Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Experiences and theory reveal a decrease in antimicrobial blue light killing efficiency as biofilm grows in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa model.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

APEX2-based quantitative proteomics of LAT and CD3ζ interactomes in living human Jurkat T cells unveils new interactors.

Journal of cell science·2025

Same author

CD74 supports accumulation and function of regulatory T cells in tumors.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

PD-1 inhibits T cell actin remodeling at the immunological synapse independently of its signaling motifs.

Science signaling·2023

Same author

Label-free single-cell live imaging reveals fast metabolic switch in T lymphocytes.

Molecular biology of the cell·2023

Same author

CTLA4 prohibits T cells from cross-dressing.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2023

Same journal

Effect of network topology on neuronal encoding based on spatiotemporal patterns of spikes.

HFSP journal·2010

Same journal

From genes to neural tube defects (NTDs): insights from multiscale computational modeling.

HFSP journal·2010

Same journal

Cytoskeletal dynamics in fission yeast: a review of models for polarization and division.

HFSP journal·2010

Same journal

Biocrystallography: past, present, future.

HFSP journal·2010

Same journal

Robustness versus evolvability: a paradigm revisited.

HFSP journal·2010

Same journal

Molecular motors as an auto-oscillator.

HFSP journal·2010

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

Early T-cell activation biophysics.

Nelly Henry, Claire Hivroz

|June 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering is crucial for immunity. This study reviews biophysical methods and future directions, including advanced imaging and mechanical cue exploration, to clarify TCR activation mechanisms.

More Related Videos

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Imaging Initial Ca²⁺ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Published on: October 4, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

Published on: April 25, 2018

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Published on: June 23, 2013

Imaging Initial Ca2+ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Imaging Initial Ca²⁺ Microdomains in Primary T Cells

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Biophysics

Background:

T-cells are key to mammalian immune responses, mediating antigen recognition via the T-cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
TCR triggering initiates T-cell activation, a critical process for adaptive immunity.
Despite extensive research, the precise mechanism of TCR triggering remains a significant controversy in immunology.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of unresolved questions regarding the initial events in T-cell triggering.
To examine current and future biophysical approaches for studying TCR triggering.
To highlight the potential of advanced imaging and mechanical force studies in elucidating TCR activation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on T-cell triggering mechanisms and biophysical methodologies.
Discussion of emerging techniques such as fluorescence super-resolution imaging.
Consideration of genetic fluorescent probes and mechanical cue analysis.

Main Results:

Pending questions regarding critical initial events in T-cell triggering are identified.
Current biophysical approaches are evaluated for their utility in studying TCR activation.
Future research directions, emphasizing advanced imaging and mechanical studies, are proposed.

Conclusions:

Advanced fluorescence super-resolution imaging and novel genetic probes are expected to significantly advance understanding of TCR triggering.
Investigating mechanical cues in the T-cell triggering process is predicted to offer new insights.
Clarification of the TCR triggering mechanism is essential for a comprehensive understanding of immune responses.