Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Study protocol: double-blind, randomized, prospective, placebo controlled parallel group phase II study to investigate the effect of glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) on neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in patients with corticobasal syndrome (CBS).

Neurological research and practice·2026
Same author

Sex-specific analysis of early disease course and treatment in a German multiple sclerosis cohort.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Temporal Patterns of Fever Onset as an Indicator of Etiology in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Neurology international·2026
Same author

Brain connectome reorganization across the lifespan in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

European journal of radiology·2026
Same author

Pharmacogenomics of response to interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate in Multiple Sclerosis: A multi-centric study.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2026
Same author

Large-scale proteomics across neurological disorders uncovers biomarker panel and targets in multiple sclerosis.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome as Drivers of Neurodegeneration: Convergent Mechanisms Linking Peripheral Neuropathy and Dementia.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same journal

Sex Differences in the Association of Simultaneous Decline in Blood Pressure and Decline in Cognition during Aging.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same journal

Neurophysiological Recovery Following Nerve Transfer Surgery to Restore Upper Limb Function after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same journal

A new Patient-Reported Outcome Scale to assess autoimmune Encephalitis: PROSE.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same journal

Assessing Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Using a Patient-Reported Disability Measure and Self-Administered Neuroperformance Outcomes.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same journal

AQP4 and MOG Characterize the Autoantibody Landscape of Checkpoint Blockade-Induced Optic Neuritis.

Annals of neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex encephalitis.

Eva C Schulte1, Andreas Sauerbrei, Dieter Hoffmann

  • 1Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Annals of Neurology
|June 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex encephalitis in an immunocompetent adult was treated successfully with foscarnet. This case highlights a rare thymidine kinase gene mutation causing acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1.

More Related Videos

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals
08:31

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

Published on: September 20, 2021

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation
12:22

A Primary Neuron Culture System for the Study of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency and Reactivation

Published on: April 2, 2012

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals
08:31

Porcine Corneal Tissue Explant to Study the Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Antivirals

Published on: September 20, 2021

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line
08:07

Differentiation of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

Published on: February 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) commonly causes severe sporadic encephalitis.
  • Acyclovir is the standard, highly effective treatment for HSV encephalitis.
  • Acyclovir resistance is a growing concern, particularly in immunocompromised patients.

Observation:

  • We present a case of a 27-year-old immunocompetent woman with acyclovir-resistant HSV encephalitis.
  • Despite no prior treatment, HSV-1 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid revealed a thymidine kinase gene mutation.
  • This mutation is strongly suspected to be the cause of acyclovir resistance.

Findings:

  • The patient's HSV encephalitis resolved completely after treatment with foscarnet.
  • This represents the first reported case of acyclovir-resistant HSV encephalitis in an immunocompetent, previously untreated adult.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering acyclovir resistance in HSV encephalitis, even in immunocompetent individuals.
  • Foscarnet is a viable alternative treatment for acyclovir-resistant HSV encephalitis.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and prevalence of acyclovir resistance in HSV-1 is warranted.