Fabrication, evaluation, and performance of machined metal grazing incidence telescopes

Grazing incidence optics are a key element of x-ray and extreme ultraviolet astronomy and are becoming increasingly important in aspects of far-ultraviolet astronomy. Metal optics have figured prominently in this work, and machined metal optics offer distinct advantages in some applications. New methods of metrology have combined with innovations in fabrication to produce metal optics of second of arc quality. In this paper we review the fabrication, evaluation, and performance of machined grazing incidence metal optics produced, or in production, for astronomical telescopes.