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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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High throughput x-ray optics: an overview.

|June 10, 2010

Summary

Future x-ray astronomy missions require more powerful focusing telescopes for spectroscopy. New fabrication techniques may enable the construction of advanced modular telescope arrays for enhanced observations.

Area of Science:

X-ray astronomy
Telescope technology
Spectroscopy

Background:

1990s x-ray astronomy missions aim for greater collecting power than the Einstein Observatory.
Increasing emphasis on high-resolution spectroscopy necessitates advanced instrumentation.
ESA's XMM observatory will be the largest mission with 10(4) cm(2) effective area.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the need for a high-throughput x-ray facility.
To outline requirements for future x-ray telescopes.
To explore enabling fabrication technologies for advanced x-ray optics.

Main Methods:

Review of current and planned x-ray astronomy missions.
Analysis of spectroscopic observation requirements.
Evaluation of emerging x-ray telescope fabrication techniques.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

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Main Results:

A need exists for a facility with over 10(5) cm(2) effective area and 20-arcsec resolution.
Several fabrication techniques show promise for creating large-area, high-resolution x-ray telescopes.
Modular telescope arrays are a likely outcome of these advancements.

Conclusions:

Advanced x-ray telescopes are crucial for future scientific studies, including QSO spectroscopy.
Developing fabrication techniques are key to achieving the required performance.
Modular telescope designs will enable unprecedented collecting area and resolution.