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Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
What is a Nervous System?01:25

What is a Nervous System?

Overview
Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
Extending...

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Visualization of the Axonal Projection Pattern of Embryonic Motor Neurons in Drosophila
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Published on: June 16, 2017

Navigating intermediate targets: the nervous system midline.

Barry J Dickson1, Yimin Zou

  • 1Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. dickson@imp.ac.at

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The animal nervous system midline directs axon growth using guidance cues. Different axons interact with the midline as a target, barrier, or guide for wiring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Axon Guidance

Background:

  • Bilateral symmetry is crucial for nervous system organization.
  • The midline acts as a central organizing structure in developing nervous systems.
  • Axon guidance mechanisms are essential for proper neural circuit formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of the midline in directing axon growth in bilaterally symmetric animals.
  • To understand how different axon populations navigate the midline.
  • To identify the diverse functions of midline guidance cues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of axon pathfinding in developing nervous systems.
  • Observation of cellular interactions at the midline.
  • Investigation of molecular guidance signals provided by midline cells.

Main Results:

  • Midline cells provide critical guidance cues for developing axons.
  • Axons exhibit varied responses to midline cues, acting as intermediate targets, repulsive barriers, or longitudinal/lateral pathway guides.
  • Specific axon types are differentially regulated by midline signals.

Conclusions:

  • The midline is a pivotal signaling center essential for precise nervous system wiring.
  • Differential responses of axons to midline cues ensure correct neural circuit assembly.
  • Midline guidance mechanisms are multifaceted, directing axons both across and along the central axis.