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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Task switching: interplay of reconfiguration and interference control.

André Vandierendonck¹, Baptist Liefooghe, Frederick Verbruggen

¹Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Andre.Vandierendonck@UGent.be

Psychological Bulletin

|June 23, 2010

Summary

Task switching costs, observed as slower and more error-prone performance, are explained by cognitive control processes. Preparation time significantly reduces these costs, highlighting the role of task setting and preparation.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The task-switching paradigm is a key tool for studying cognitive control and task coordination.
Performance switch costs, characterized by slower and more error-prone execution, are consistently observed when changing tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To review theoretical explanations for task-switching costs.
To examine findings supporting these explanations and their implications for cognitive control.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on the task-switching paradigm.
Analysis of theoretical models explaining switch costs, including resolution, interference protection, and task preparation.

Main Results:

Switch costs are partially explained by resolution and protection from interference.
Task setting and preparation processes significantly influence switch costs, with longer preparation times reducing them.
Evidence for different theoretical accounts of switch costs is discussed.

Conclusions:

Task switching involves complex cognitive control processes beyond simple interference.
Task preparation and setting are crucial for efficient performance in task switching.
Future research should explore task switching within a broader framework of cognitive control, considering factors like task set characteristics and sequence predictability.