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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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Published on: August 14, 2019

Vinflunine.

James E Frampton1, Marit D Moen

  • 1Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|June 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vinflunine, a novel vinca alkaloid, showed improved survival and tumor response in advanced urothelial cancer patients. Adverse events were manageable, with myelosuppression and gastrointestinal issues being most common.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vinflunine is a novel bifluorinated vinca alkaloid with unique tubulin-binding properties.
  • It exhibits superior in vivo antitumor activity compared to vinorelbine in preclinical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vinflunine plus best supportive care (BSC) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma progressing after first-line chemotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized, open-label, multicentre phase III trial.
  • 370 adult patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were randomized to receive intravenous vinflunine plus BSC or BSC alone.

Main Results:

  • Median overall survival (OS) was 6.9 months for vinflunine + BSC vs. 4.6 months for BSC alone in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (not significant).
  • However, adjusted analyses and analyses of the eligible population showed significant OS improvement with vinflunine + BSC.
  • Progression-free survival, objective response rate, and disease control rate were significantly improved with vinflunine + BSC.

Conclusions:

  • Vinflunine plus BSC offers a significant survival benefit and improved tumor response in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after first-line chemotherapy failure.
  • The most frequent adverse events were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms, which were generally manageable and noncumulative.