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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Reflectance changes during shock-induced phase transformations in metals.

G D Stevens1, W D Turley, L R Veeser

  • 1National Security Technologies, LLC, Special Technologies Laboratory, Santa Barbara, California 93111, USA. stevengd@nv.doe.gov

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical reflectance measurements offer a new diagnostic tool for studying shock-induced phase transformations in metals. This method can detect changes in electronic structure during solid-solid or melting phase transitions under high pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • High-Pressure Physics
  • Shock Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • Shock wave experiments are crucial for understanding metal behavior under extreme pressures.
  • Wave profiles provide insights into phase transformations, but can be ambiguous.
  • New diagnostic methods are needed to complement existing techniques for phase change detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate optical reflectance changes as a general diagnostic for shock-induced phase transformations.
  • To explore the correlation between electronic structure changes and reflectance variations during phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Shock waves were generated using explosives or gun impacts.
  • Optical reflectance was measured across wavelengths from 355 to 700 nm.
  • Samples of tin, iron, gallium, cerium, and aluminum were subjected to shock loading and unloading.

Main Results:

  • Solid-solid phase changes in tin and iron showed minor alterations in surface scattering.
  • Melting transitions in gallium and cerium exhibited changes in the wavelength dependence of reflectance.
  • Dynamic, pressure-induced reflectivity changes were observed in aluminum.

Conclusions:

  • Optical reflectance measurements show promise as a diagnostic tool for detecting shock-induced phase transformations.
  • Observed reflectance changes suggest a link to alterations in the material's electronic structure.
  • Reflectance analysis can be a valuable addition to a suite of diagnostics for challenging phase change studies.