Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
The management of mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus
Richelle M Knudson1, Amer N Kalaaji, Alison J Bruce
1Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic/Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Abstract:
Mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris are autoimmune blistering disorders in which many similar drugs and therapeutic strategies are utilized. In general, localized disease can be treated with topical agents. In contrast, patients with more severe and progressive disease usually require a combination of systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications. Oral corticosteroids, adjuvant immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics such as dapsone and immunomodulatory procedures like intravenous immunoglobulin are the main therapeutic agents used in treating these two disorders. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders are related to the sites involved and to the drugs used for therapy. Treatment should be individualized based on severity, extent, and rate of progression of disease, comorbidities, and age of the patient. Serum levels of specific autoantibodies and indirect immunofluorescence titers, in certain cases, can be used to monitor response to therapy.
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