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Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Parasympathetic Division of the ANS01:08

Parasympathetic Division of the ANS

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates rest and digestion functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, promoting relaxation, conservation of energy, and digestion. The parasympathetic division consists of preganglionic fibers originating from specific cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4). These fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia, innervating various organs and...
Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a program...
Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Sacral nerve modulation in overactive bladder.

John A Occhino1, Steven W Siegel

  • 1Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Occhino.john@gmail.com

Current Urology Reports
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This overview discusses therapies for urinary urgency, frequency, and overactive bladder, focusing on sacral neuromodulation. It covers the history, current literature, and future directions for pelvic floor neuromodulation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neurology
  • Pelvic Floor Therapy

Background:

  • Urinary urgency, frequency, and overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impact quality of life.
  • Current therapeutic options for OAB have limitations, necessitating exploration of advanced treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a general overview of therapies for urinary urgency, frequency, and OAB.
  • To emphasize sacral neuromodulation (SNM) as a key treatment modality.
  • To discuss the history, current literature, and future directions of SNM and pelvic floor neuromodulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on OAB therapies.
  • Focused review on the historical development and current evidence for sacral neuromodulation.
  • Exploration of emerging trends and future research avenues in pelvic floor neuromodulation.

Main Results:

  • Sacral neuromodulation has evolved significantly and remains a valuable treatment for OAB.
  • Current literature supports the efficacy and safety of SNM for managing urinary symptoms.
  • Advancements in neuromodulation technology are expanding treatment possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Sacral neuromodulation is a cornerstone therapy for refractory overactive bladder symptoms.
  • Continued research into neuromodulation techniques promises further improvements in pelvic floor dysfunction management.
  • Understanding the history and evolution of SNM provides context for future innovations.