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Related Experiment Videos

Middle ear fluid lysozyme source in experimental pneumococcal otitis media.

N Nonomura1, G S Giebink, D Zelterman

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

In acute otitis media, Streptococcus pneumoniae directly stimulates middle ear epithelial cells to release lysozyme, an inflammatory mediator. This occurs before inflammatory cells arrive, suggesting a new therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Middle ear infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a major factor in acute and chronic otitis media.
  • Lysozyme in middle ear fluid (MEF) is a key inflammatory mediator in this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the source of lysozyme during the early stages of acute pneumococcal otitis media.

Main Methods:

  • Chinchillas were rendered neutropenic via irradiation.
  • Middle ears were inoculated with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Inflammatory cell counts and lysozyme concentrations in MEF were measured over 72 hours.

Main Results:

  • Lysozyme levels in MEF increased before inflammatory cells appeared in neutropenic animals.

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  • Inflammatory cell numbers were significantly lower in neutropenic animals at 6 hours post-inoculation.
  • Lysozyme and cell concentrations became similar in neutropenic and non-neutropenic animals between 24 and 72 hours.

    • Conclusions:

    • Middle ear mucosal epithelial cells, not inflammatory cells, are the likely initial source of lysozyme in acute pneumococcal otitis media.
    • Pneumococci or their components directly stimulate epithelial cells to release lysozyme.
    • Future therapies for otitis media should consider the direct impact of pneumococci on middle ear epithelium.