Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selective sugar transport supports Proteus mirabilis fitness in the urinary tract.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

VO: The Vaccine Ontology.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Network-level divergence in cyclic di-GMP signalling drives ecological versatility in Acinetobacter baumannii.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes·2026
Same author

Cytolethal Distending Toxin Enhances <i>Escherichia coli</i> Urinary Tract Infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Candida auris skin tropism and antifungal resistance are mediated by carbonic anhydrase Nce103.

Nature microbiology·2025
Same author

Integrating genomic and Tn-Seq data to identify common <i>in vivo</i> fitness mechanisms across multiple bacterial species.

mBio·2025
Same journal

Untangling the anterolateral periprostatic neurovasculature and its implications for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

The role of CFTR in spermatogenesis and sperm quality.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Urolithiasis in patients with cancer.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

What is new in the updated National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) fertility problems guideline 2026?

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Animal models of spinal cord injury in neuro-urological research.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
Same journal

Combination therapy for acute Peyronie' s disease: a success story of translation from bench to bedside.

Nature reviews. Urology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Host-pathogen interactions in urinary tract infection.

Greta R Nielubowicz1, Harry L T Mobley

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5641 Medical Science Building II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620, USA.

Nature Reviews. Urology
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, caused by bacteria like E. coli and P. mirabilis. Research identifies virulence factors and host responses, aiming for new vaccines and treatments against these common bacterial infections.

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis
07:34

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
07:57

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis
07:34

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis

Published on: April 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent, affecting nearly half of women.
  • UTIs are categorized as uncomplicated (often by E. coli) or complicated (often by P. mirabilis) based on host health.
  • Pathogens employ virulence factors like fimbriae, toxins, and flagella for infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review virulence factors contributing to bacterial urinary tract infections.
  • To explore host immune responses and genetic factors influencing UTI susceptibility and severity.
  • To identify potential targets for novel vaccines and therapies against uropathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bacterial virulence factors in UTIs.
  • Analysis of host immune mechanisms, including innate and adaptive responses.
  • Examination of host genetic factors (TLR4, CXCR1) and their association with UTI outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Key virulence factors include fimbriae, toxins, flagella, iron uptake systems, and immune evasion proteins.
  • E. coli forms intracellular bacterial communities; P. mirabilis produces urease, leading to stone formation.
  • Host factors TLR4 and CXCR1 influence disease outcome and susceptibility, with specific associations to asymptomatic bacteriuria and pyelonephritis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pathogen virulence and host responses is crucial for combating UTIs.
  • Identifying specific virulence factors and host genetic predispositions aids in developing targeted interventions.
  • Future research focuses on novel therapeutic targets and vaccine development for effective UTI prevention and treatment.