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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
07:44

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Published on: July 14, 2023

Rheumatoid cachexia and cardiovascular disease.

Gregory D Summers1, Giorgos S Metsios, Antonios Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK. greg.summers@derbyhospitals.nhs.uk

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to cachexia and cardiovascular disease. Rheumatoid cachexia, characterized by reduced muscle and increased fat mass, may worsen cardiovascular outcomes, but its precise impact requires further study.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
07:44

Evaluation of Changes in Hydration and Body Cell Mass with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis after Exercise Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with chronic inflammation, cachexia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Rheumatoid cachexia, distinct from classic cachexia, involves reduced muscle mass and increased fat mass, often in individuals with normal or elevated BMI.
  • Classic cachexia (reduced muscle and fat mass) is infrequent in RA but linked to severe inflammation, joint damage, and poor CVD prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationship between rheumatoid cachexia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
  • To discuss the potential 'worst of both worlds' scenario for cardiovascular outcomes in rheumatoid cachexia.
  • To highlight the need for diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid cachexia to clarify its CVD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on RA, cachexia, obesity, and CVD.
  • Analysis of the contrasting effects of rheumatoid cachexia and obesity on RA disease activity and CVD mortality.
  • Discussion of the controversial impact of rheumatoid cachexia on cardiovascular risk due to lack of defined criteria.

Main Results:

  • Rheumatoid cachexia is associated with reduced muscle and increased fat mass, differing from classic cachexia.
  • Obesity in RA paradoxically correlates with lower disease activity and reduced CVD mortality, despite links to hypertension and dyslipidemia.
  • The cardiovascular implications of rheumatoid cachexia remain debated due to undefined diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatoid cachexia presents a unique phenotype with potential adverse cardiovascular implications.
  • Understanding the interplay between inflammation, body composition, and CVD in RA is crucial.
  • Standardized diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid cachexia are necessary to accurately assess its impact on cardiovascular disease risk.