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Related Concept Videos

Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
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Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
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Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
11:36

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Zoon's Balanitis: Benign or Premalignant Lesion?

Nicola Balato1, Massimiliano Scalvenzi, Serena La Bella

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Case Reports in Dermatology
|July 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Zoon's balanitis, a chronic inflammatory condition, is typically benign. However, this case highlights a rare instance where it preceded the development of squamous cell carcinoma in an uncircumcised man.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs
11:36

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Dorsal Skin of Hamsters: a Useful Model for the Screening of Antileishmanial Drugs

Published on: April 21, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Zoon's balanitis (balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis) is a chronic, benign inflammatory condition of unknown etiology.
  • It predominantly affects middle-aged to elderly uncircumcised men, with potential contributing factors including poor hygiene, friction, and local infections.
  • While generally considered benign, rare associations with malignancy have been documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of penile squamous cell carcinoma developing in a patient with pre-existing Zoon's balanitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of vigilance for malignant transformation in chronic Zoon's balanitis cases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation.
  • Histopathological examination of penile tissue.
  • Review of relevant medical literature.

Main Results:

  • An uncircumcised male patient with clinically and histopathologically confirmed Zoon's balanitis developed squamous cell carcinoma.
  • The carcinoma arose within the area affected by Zoon's balanitis.
  • This case underscores a rare but significant association between the two conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Zoon's balanitis, despite its typically benign nature, may rarely be associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Continuous monitoring and thorough histopathological evaluation are crucial for patients with chronic or persistent Zoon's balanitis.
  • Further research may be needed to elucidate the potential link and underlying mechanisms between Zoon's balanitis and penile cancer.