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Determination

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Cranial Neural Crest Cells Three-Dimensional In Vitro Differentiation Protocol for Multiplexed Assay

Cranial Neural Crest Cells Three-Dimensional In Vitro Differentiation Protocol for Multiplexed Assay

Published on: February 14, 2025

PDGF function in diverse neural crest cell populations.

Christopher L Smith¹, Michelle D Tallquist

¹Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Cell Adhesion & Migration

|July 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is crucial for neural crest cell development and the formation of various tissues. Disruptions in PDGF signaling lead to birth defects, with its precise role in neural crest development still under investigation.

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Isolation and Culture of Neural Crest Cells from Embryonic Murine Neural Tube

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Published on: June 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Signaling

Background:

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) regulate cellular responses like proliferation and migration.
These receptors are essential for mesenchymal and migratory cell populations during embryonic development, including neural crest cells (NCCs).

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on PDGF function in neural crest cell (NCC) development.
To explore the role of PDGF in forming various neural crest-derived tissues.
To discuss implications of PDGF receptors in human birth defects related to NCCs.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PDGF signaling and neural crest development.
Analysis of studies in model organisms with disrupted PDGF signaling.
Examination of identified defects in neural crest derivatives.

Main Results:

PDGF signaling is required for multiple neural crest derivatives, including palate, aortic arch, salivary gland, and thymus.
Mice with disrupted PDGF signaling show defects in these specific neural crest derivatives.
The exact mechanism of PDGF action in neural crest development remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.

Conclusions:

PDGF signaling plays a vital role in the development of neural crest cells and their derivatives.
Understanding PDGF function in NCCs is critical for comprehending associated human birth defects.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of PDGF in neural crest development.