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Malaria: origin of the term "hypnozoite"
1Imperial College London, London, UK, medsynth@yahoo.co.uk.
Journal of the History of Biology
|July 29, 2010
Summary
The term "hypnozoite" was coined by Miles B. Markus to describe dormant stages in parasitic protozoa, particularly malaria parasites. This term is crucial for understanding malaria relapse and latency.
Area of Science:
- Parasitology
- Protozoology
- Medical Entomology
Background:
- Hypnozoites are dormant protozoan forms linked to malaria relapse.
- Their origin and naming are of significant biological and medical interest.
- The term derives from Greek words for sleep and animal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the origin and coining of the term "hypnozoite".
- To place on record the historical context surrounding the term's introduction.
Main Methods:
- Historical research, including analysis of correspondence (e.g., a letter from P. C. C. Garnham).
- Review of scientific literature and publications from the relevant period.
Main Results:
- Miles B. Markus coined the term "hypnozoite" during his PhD research on Cystoisospora.
- Markus first applied the term to malaria parasites in 1978.
- Wojciech A. Krotoski's 1980 publication confirmed the existence of malarial hypnozoites.
Conclusions:
- The term "hypnozoite" has a documented origin attributed to Miles B. Markus.
- Its introduction preceded the definitive discovery of malarial hypnozoites, highlighting early scientific speculation.
- Understanding the hypnozoite's history is key to appreciating its significance in malaria research.
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