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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through interaction...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Related Experiment Videos

Neurosarcoidosis presenting with persistent vomiting.

Akram A Hosseini1, Ananth Viswanath, Mohammed K El-Lahawi

  • 1Department of Neurology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|August 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease affecting various organs. This case highlights neurosarcoidosis presenting with hypopituitarism and persistent vomiting, emphasizing diagnostic challenges.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause.
  • Neurosarcoidosis, a manifestation of sarcoidosis, can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to varied clinical presentations and the need for histopathological confirmation.

Observation:

  • A 39-year-old Indian man presented with a 2-year history of persistent vomiting.
  • Investigations revealed hypopituitarism and active neurosarcoidosis.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed central nervous system (CNS) involvement.

Findings:

  • The patient's persistent vomiting was attributed to hypopituitarism secondary to neurosarcoidosis.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis indicated active disease.
  • Histopathological confirmation, though challenging, is crucial for diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering neurosarcoidosis in patients with unexplained neurological and endocrine dysfunction.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management of neurosarcoidosis are critical to prevent long-term complications.
  • The case highlights the utility of MRI and CSF analysis in diagnosing CNS involvement in sarcoidosis.