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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
08:09

Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope

Published on: March 24, 2017

DARPins against a functional IgE epitope.

Michael J Baumann1, Alexander Eggel, Patrick Amstutz

  • 1Institute of Immunology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Sahlihaus 2, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.

Immunology Letters
|August 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New non-immunoglobulin DARPins show higher efficacy than omalizumab for treating severe allergic asthma. These designed ankyrin repeat proteins offer a potentially more cost-effective and clinically effective alternative for allergy treatment.

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Published on: December 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Severe allergic asthma treatment often relies on omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody.
  • High dosing requirements and suboptimal cost-effectiveness limit omalizumab's widespread use.
  • Development of alternative, more efficient anti-IgE therapies is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore non-immunoglobulin protein scaffolds as novel therapeutic agents against IgE.
  • To develop and characterize designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) targeting IgE.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of anti-IgE DARPins compared to omalizumab in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of DARPins targeting the constant heavy chain region of IgE.
  • Assessment of DARPin binding specificity and affinity using biochemical assays.
  • Inhibition assays to evaluate the antagonism of IgE-receptor interaction.
  • Functional assays measuring proinflammatory mediator release from IgE-sensitized cells.

Main Results:

  • DARPins demonstrated high specificity and low nanomolar affinity for IgE.
  • Selected DARPins effectively antagonized IgE binding to its high-affinity receptor.
  • Anti-IgE DARPins exhibited superior inhibition of proinflammatory mediator release compared to omalizumab.
  • DARPins showed higher efficacy in inhibiting mediator release from rat basophilic leukemia cells.

Conclusions:

  • Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) represent a promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies for targeting IgE.
  • Anti-IgE DARPins offer potential for increased clinical efficacy and improved cost-effectiveness in allergy treatment.
  • DARPins may serve as future drug candidates for managing allergic diseases like severe allergic asthma.