Management of keratoconus: current scenario.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal Dystrophies

Background:

• Keratoconus is a progressive ectatic corneal dystrophy.
• It is a primary indication for corneal transplantation globally.
• Understanding and management have evolved significantly over 150 years.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current surgical and non-surgical management of keratoconus.
• To focus on established, novel, and emerging treatment modalities.
• To highlight recent advancements in keratoconus care.

Main Methods:

• Review of established and novel treatment modalities for keratoconus.
• Discussion of surgical interventions including lamellar keratoplasty and intracorneal ring segments.
• Exploration of non-surgical management options and contact lens fitting.

Main Results:

• Modern ophthalmology integrates new technologies with traditional methods for keratoconus.
• Lamellar keratoplasty shows improved outcomes.
• Intracorneal ring segments offer effective treatment for early keratoconus.

Conclusions:

• Keratoconus management has evolved with new surgical and non-surgical options.
• Advancements provide more effective treatments for various stages of keratoconus.
• The review synthesizes current knowledge on established and emerging therapies.