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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota

The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Bacteroides spp. and diarrhea.

Elizabeth C Wick1, Cynthia L Sears

  • 1Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|August 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) causes diarrheal disease and may promote colorectal cancer. Non-toxigenic strains might protect against gut inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bacteroides spp. play diverse roles in human health and disease.
  • Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is linked to diarrheal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in understanding Bacteroides spp.'s role in human diarrheal diseases.
  • To examine murine studies on Bacteroides spp. and colorectal cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of murine models investigating ETBF infection and colonic tumor development.

Main Results:

  • Bacteroides fragilis is the primary Bacteroides species associated with human diarrheal disease.
  • ETBF infection causes inflammatory diarrhea and, in specific mouse models, enhances colonic tumor formation.
  • Nontoxigenic B. fragilis may confer protection against colonic inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • B. fragilis is a significant anaerobe in human infections.
  • ETBF is an emerging cause of human diarrheal disease, requiring further epidemiological investigation.
  • Understanding the dual role of B. fragilis in disease and symbiosis is crucial.