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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
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The Attitudes to Disability Scale (ADS): development and psychometric properties.

M J Power1, A M Green,

  • 1Edinburgh University, Medical School, Clinical Psychology, Edinburgh, UK. mjpower@staffmail.ed.ac.uk

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|August 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new 16-item Attitudes to Disability Scale was developed to assess personal attitudes in adults with physical or intellectual disabilities (ID). This psychometrically sound scale is available in multiple languages and forms.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Disability Studies
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • Development of a new scale to measure personal attitudes towards disability.
  • Focus on adults with physical or intellectual disabilities (ID).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a reliable scale for assessing attitudes to disability.
  • To create a tool for use with diverse populations, including those with physical or intellectual disabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized WHOQOL methodology and conducted international focus groups with disabled individuals, carers, and professionals.
  • Items were generated from focus groups and refined through pilot studies with 1400 respondents.
  • A large-scale field trial with 3772 respondents employed classical and modern psychometric methods for validation.

Main Results:

  • A 16-item Attitudes to Disability Scale was finalized.
  • The scale demonstrated psychometric soundness for assessing attitudes in disabled and non-disabled individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The Attitudes to Disability Scale is a validated instrument for measuring attitudes towards disability.
  • The scale offers personal and general forms and is available in multiple languages, enhancing its global applicability.