Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dynamic changes in oxygen-hemoglobin affinity during liver transplantation.

Journal of clinical anesthesia·2026
Same author

Impact of a brief peri-operative counselling session on parental awareness of passive smoking in paediatric ambulatory surgery: A single-centre observational study.

European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care·2026
Same author

The amyloid packing difference: A pairwise comparison metric for amyloid structures.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026
Same author

Twelve phosphomimetic mutations induce the assembly of recombinant full-length human tau into paired helical filaments.

eLife·2026
Same author

Impact of a Multidisciplinary Algorithm on Early Complications After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Retrospective Time-Series Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same author

Sex-Specific Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics on the Hemoglobin-Oxygen Dissociation Curve: A Pilot In Vitro Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026
Same journal

Ultrastructural evidence of autophagy-related processes and mitochondrial remodeling in the myxozoan parasite Henneguya piaractus.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same journal

Architecture and dynamics of a supramolecular oxygen transport system in human homogentisate 1,2-Dioxygenase.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same journal

Connecting pathways between mineralized fibrocartilage and bone at the Achilles tendon insertion.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same journal

Structural and functional characterization of thermostable EstS1 esterase for BHET degradation.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same journal

Following the white rabbit: multiscale 2D3D correlative imaging of bone structure.

Journal of structural biology·2026
Same journal

The mantis shrimp eye imaged in 3D using 4th generation synchrotron multiscale phase contrast tomography.

Journal of structural biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples
09:17

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples

Published on: August 6, 2025

Maximum likelihood based classification of electron tomographic data.

Michael Stölken1, Florian Beck, Thomas Haller

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.

Journal of Structural Biology
|August 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces MLTOMO, a novel 3D maximum likelihood algorithm for classifying and averaging sub-tomograms in electron tomography. MLTOMO improves structural resolution by integrating alignment and classification, outperforming existing methods.

More Related Videos

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Cryo-Electron Tomography Remote Data Collection and Subtomogram Averaging
08:55

Cryo-Electron Tomography Remote Data Collection and Subtomogram Averaging

Published on: July 12, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples
09:17

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples

Published on: August 6, 2025

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Cryo-Electron Tomography Remote Data Collection and Subtomogram Averaging
08:55

Cryo-Electron Tomography Remote Data Collection and Subtomogram Averaging

Published on: July 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Sub-tomogram averaging enhances resolution in electron tomography.
  • Existing methods face challenges with preferred orientations and missing data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel 3D maximum likelihood algorithm (MLTOMO) for sub-tomogram classification and averaging.
  • To improve the fidelity and resolution of structural analysis in electron tomography.

Main Methods:

  • Developed MLTOMO, a 3D maximum likelihood algorithm integrating 3D alignment and classification.
  • Implemented a novel probability calculation accounting for compound wedges and down-weighting less frequent Fourier components.
  • Validated through simulations and application to cryo-electron tomographic data.

Main Results:

  • MLTOMO significantly outperforms the constrained correlation approach in simulations.
  • The algorithm demonstrates advantages for sub-tomograms with preferred orientations.
  • Revealed distinct conformations of ice-embedded thermosomes.

Conclusions:

  • MLTOMO offers a unified approach for sub-tomogram analysis, improving structural resolution.
  • The method effectively handles missing wedge effects and preferred orientations.
  • Provides high-resolution structural insights comparable to single particle studies.