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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome
03:40

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Published on: April 25, 2025

The patient with "postnasal drip".

Matthew W Ryan1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9035, USA. matthew.ryan@utsouthwestern.edu

The Medical Clinics of North America
|August 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postnasal drip (PND) is a common complaint with unclear causes. Treatment should target associated symptoms, but persistent cases may require specialist evaluation for serious conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome
03:40

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Published on: April 25, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Postnasal drip (PND) is a frequent clinical issue.
  • Its underlying physiology and optimal treatments are not well-documented.
  • PND can stem from diverse nasal and throat conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes and management of postnasal drip.
  • To guide empiric treatment based on associated symptoms.
  • To identify when referral to an otolaryngologist is necessary.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of postnasal drip.
  • Analysis of potential causes including sinonasal and reflux conditions.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • PND is often not due to actual nasal secretions.
  • Many cases lack a definitive cause.
  • Empiric treatment should focus on sinonasal or gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment for PND should be guided by associated symptoms.
  • Referral to an otolaryngologist is crucial for persistent, unexplained, or concerning symptoms.
  • Rarely, PND can indicate serious conditions like malignancy.