Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 9, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
Published on: April 11, 2025
Low vision simulator goggles in pharmacy education
Michelle Zagar1, Scott Baggarly
1College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA. zagar@ulm.edu
Objective:
To develop simulator goggles that produce disease-specific characteristics of selected low vision conditions for use in pharmacy education.
Methods:
Individual sets of simulator goggles were developed for glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. Students rated the presence and severity of disease-specific characteristics after wearing each pair of goggles while manipulating medication-related materials.
Results:
One hundred students completed the study. Characteristic symptoms for each disease state were experienced at a moderate to severe level (p < 0.0001). Subjects indicated a high level of agreement among symptom ratings for each disease (Kendall's coefficient = 0.82).
Conclusions:
Low vision simulator goggles reliably produced the characteristics of selected conditions experienced in a medication management environment. Further studies are needed to identify suitable patient-centered learning activities using these goggles.
Related Concept Videos
Glaucoma: Overview
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems
Focusing of Light in the Eye

