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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Nitric oxide signaling in brain function, dysfunction, and dementia.

Joern R Steinert1, Tatyana Chernova, Ian D Forsythe

  • 1Neurotoxicity at the Synaptic Interface, MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|September 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in the brain, influencing synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. Dysregulation of NO signaling is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
08:32

Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

Published on: March 16, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule in the nervous system.
  • Its roles in synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), are increasingly recognized.
  • Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation is linked to calcium and NMDAR signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of nitrergic signaling in the nervous system.
  • To discuss the modulation of ion channels and neuronal excitability by NO.
  • To explore the pathological implications of NO signaling in neurodegenerative disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular and pharmacological studies.
  • Analysis of evidence for NO modulation of ion channels, particularly potassium channels.
  • Discussion of NO diffusion and spillover from endothelial (eNOS) and immune (iNOS) compartments.

Main Results:

  • NO modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability via voltage-gated potassium channels, impacting synaptic plasticity.
  • NO diffusion is difficult to constrain, leading to potential spillover effects.
  • Aberrant NO signaling from non-neuronal sources can contribute to neurological dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Nitregic signaling plays a vital role in regulating neuronal function and network activity.
  • Dysfunctional NO signaling, especially due to spillover, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding NO pathways is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.