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Sálvese Quien Pueda: Structural Adjustment and Emigration from Lima.
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
|September 9, 2010
Summary
Peru
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomics
- International Migration Studies
- Economic Policy Analysis
Background:
- Peru implemented neoliberal structural adjustment policies starting in 1987.
- Pre-1987 economic policies (import substitution industrialization) offered stable employment and higher wages.
- Economic shifts under neoliberalism led to decreased employment and wages, impacting living standards.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the impact of Peru's neoliberal structural adjustment on international migration patterns.
- To understand the changing motivations for emigration among Peruvians.
- To assess how economic policy changes influenced labor market diversification and migration selectivity.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of migration trends before and after 1987.
- Examination of household labor portfolio diversification strategies.
- Assessment of human capital selectivity in international migration.
Main Results:
- Neoliberal policies increased the likelihood of international migration from Peru.
- Migration motivations shifted from earnings improvement to basic livelihood sustenance.
- Increased diversity in destination countries and reduced human capital selectivity among migrants.
Conclusions:
- Structural adjustment in Peru significantly altered international migration dynamics.
- Economic hardship under neoliberalism drove increased and less selective migration.
- Household migration strategies became crucial for economic survival.
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