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Related Concept Videos

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments01:35

Disassembly of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments (IFs) do not undergo spontaneous disassembly. Enzymes, kinases, and phosphatases add and remove phosphates from specific sites to regulate their disassembly. The IF concentration in the cytoplasm also regulates the disassembly. If the concentration crosses a threshold, it activates the protein kinases in the vicinity, allowing the phosphorylation of IFs.
Keratin proteins, found at the cell periphery near cell junctions, undergo a cycle of assembly and disassembly. In Type...
Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM

The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
Proteins...
Types of Intermediate Filaments01:31

Types of Intermediate Filaments

The intermediate filaments are an essential component of the cytoskeleton. Presently six types of intermediate filament have been identified. Type I and II are acidic and basic keratin proteins. Type III is of mesodermal origin and comprises four proteins: vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Vimentin is commonly found in mesenchymal cells, desmin in muscle cells, GFAP in astrocytes, while peripherin is found in peripheral nervous system neurons (PNS). Type...

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Detection of Nuclear Blebbing and DNA Leakage in Mammalian Cells by Immunofluorescence
06:23

Detection of Nuclear Blebbing and DNA Leakage in Mammalian Cells by Immunofluorescence

Published on: January 17, 2025

Nuclear lamins.

Thomas Dechat1, Stephen A Adam, Pekka Taimen

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|September 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear lamins, essential intermediate filament proteins, maintain nuclear structure and regulate key processes like DNA replication and transcription. Their dynamic assembly and interactions with chromatin are crucial for nuclear function and cellular differentiation.

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Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
16:27

Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation

Published on: September 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins vital for nuclear structure.
  • They play roles in DNA replication, transcription, and chromatin organization.
  • Their expression is developmentally regulated, suggesting involvement in cellular differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of nuclear lamins in nuclear organization and function.
  • To understand the influence of posttranslational modifications on lamin dynamics during the cell cycle.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which lamins interact with chromatin and regulatory factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lamin protein structure and function.
  • Investigation of lamin assembly dynamics and posttranslational modifications.
  • Studies on lamin interactions with chromatin and epigenetic modifiers.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear lamins are critical for maintaining nuclear structural integrity.
  • Lamin dynamics, modulated by posttranslational modifications, are essential for cell cycle progression, especially mitosis.
  • Lamins interact directly with chromatin and regulatory proteins to influence gene expression and nuclear organization.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear lamins are central regulators of nuclear architecture and function.
  • Their dynamic properties and interactions are key to processes like DNA replication, transcription, and cellular differentiation.
  • Understanding lamin biology offers insights into nuclear processes and potential therapeutic targets.