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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
[Sleep-related breathing disorders - historical development, current status, future prospects]
1Ruhrlandklinik, Abteilung Pneumologie, Westdeutsches Lungenzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen. Helmut.Teschler@Ruhrlandklinik.UK-Essen.de
Sleep-related breathing disorders, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA), are common. This review explores their pathogenesis, comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, and future research directions.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Cardiology
- Respiratory Medicine
Context:
- Sleep-related breathing disorders are prevalent adult illnesses.
- Classified into obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA).
- Cheyne-Stokes Respiration is a form of CSA.
Purpose:
- To review obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA)/Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR).
- To discuss their pathogenesis and interaction with comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases.
- To highlight future research areas in diagnosis and treatment.
Summary:
- Historical context of sleep apnoea recognition and treatment introduction (CPAP).
- OSA is an independent risk factor for conditions like hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and diabetes.
- Focus on pathogenesis, cardiovascular impact, and future research in sleep-disordered breathing.
Impact:
- Understanding the link between sleep apnoea and cardiovascular/metabolic outcomes.
- Identifying pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation and morbidity in sleep apnoea.
- Exploring novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for sleep-disordered breathing.
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