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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia
05:51

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Published on: June 15, 2011

Predictive and diagnostic genetic testing in psychiatry.

Philip B Mitchell1, Bettina Meiser, Alex Wilde

  • 1School of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. phil.mitchell@unsw.edu.au

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Commercially available genetic tests for mental illnesses are controversial. While some rare variants exist, complex conditions like schizophrenia involve multiple small genetic effects, questioning current test utility.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Genomic Medicine
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Commercially available genetic tests for mental illnesses have emerged, sparking debate within the psychiatric research community.
  • Growing evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicates that highly heritable psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, result from the cumulative effects of numerous genetic variants, each with a small individual impact.
  • The role of rare, highly penetrant de novo copy number variants is also considered, although their lack of disease specificity raises concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of genetic testing for mental illnesses.
  • To contrast the limitations of current tests with the complexities revealed by GWAS.
  • To outline the essential prerequisites for valid and useful predictive and diagnostic genetic tests in psychiatry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent developments in genetic testing for mental illnesses.
  • Analysis of evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for psychiatric conditions.
  • Discussion of clinical validity, utility, and ethical considerations of genetic testing.
  • Exploration of patient, family, and clinician perspectives on hypothetical future genetic testing scenarios.
  • Review of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing trends in medicine.

Main Results:

  • Current genetic tests face controversy due to the complex genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders, often involving multiple small-effect variants rather than single high-impact genes.
  • While rare variants exist, their lack of specificity limits their diagnostic value for complex mental illnesses.
  • The discourse extends beyond psychiatry, highlighting the significance of GWAS across various health domains and the rise of DTC genetic testing.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical validity and utility of current genetic tests for complex mental illnesses remain subjects of ongoing scientific and ethical evaluation.
  • Future development of psychiatric genetic tests must consider the polygenic nature of these disorders and address potential impacts on stigma.
  • Recommendations are provided for the responsible development and future availability of genetic testing in psychiatry.